You have to run the engine and ride the machine or run it on a Dyno. (This is like Carburetors 101 in a condensed version)
The first step is idle: Start the motor and let it warm to operating temperature.
Does it start easily? Does it idle smoothly when warm and the choke is off? If it won't idle without choke, try turning the fuel screw out. If it idles, but acts like the choke is on, turn the fuel screw in. If you have to turn the fuel screw out more than 4 turns - go up one size on the pilot jet. If you turn the fuel screw in until it just touches it's seat - go down one size on the pilot jet. Either way - try again after the changes are made.
Once you get the idle right - go for mid range. Ride the machine at a steady speed in third or fourth gear at about 1/2 throttle. If it surges like it wants to go faster but can't, the slide needle needs to be raised. If it blubbers like the choke is on, the slide needle needs to be lowered. (This is where you find out if the needle is adjustable. If it is GREAT! If not, you will either have to shim it to raise it or change the needle for a wider taper in lieu of lowering it)
Finally, after the idle and mid range are right, you get to jet for top end (main jet). Get the machine out where you can run it up to full throttle. As you go through the gears, listen for gas-knock (ping) which indicates a lean mixture. If you get any ping, jet up 2 sizes and try again. Continue increasing the main jet size (by 2 sizes) till you can run up to top speed without ping, then continue to jet up until at the very top end of engine rpm it falls on it's face and blubbers like the choke is on. Jet back down 2 sizes and you should be good.
Last step - run it where you normally ride checking that it drops to idle and idles cleanly after acceleration. It accelerates cleanly with no bog and no spark knock. It should start easily after running and stopping the engine.
Easy way - take it to a shop with a Dyno - pay them $500 to do it for you without having to take the carb off and put it back on 20 times.
Hope I didn't make any grammatical errors.